Sep 03, 2016 in ethiopia, soon after the end of the cold war, a revolution group called ethiopian peoples revolutionary democratic front eprdf controlled state power in 1991. The article as it was prepared for a special occasion where detailed analysis was due time and other inconveniences. He describes the history of the ethiopian imperial state, from its origins in the last quarter of the nineteenth century to the italian invasion and the restoration of haile selassie. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on september 4, 2015. Despite the evolution of multiethnic ethiopia by territorial conquest, successive feudal regimes were embarked on hegemonic project of building a nationstate. Ethnic federalism is a federal system of national government in which the federated units are defined according to ethnicity. The vast majority of languages belong to the semitic, cushitic, or omotic groups, all part of the afroasiatic language family. Implementing new constitutions october 14, 2017 draft please do not cite or distribute i. The federal system is based on the constitutional conviction that ethnic groups in ethiopia have the right to self.
The government of ethiopia, under its latest growth and transformation plan gtp, envisions transitioning from a developing country to a middleincome country by 2025. Only 10% is supplied by electric power, the balance is from wood fuel and dung. When living in the united states of america you need a power plug adapter for sockets type c, e, f and l. There is not any one ethnic group that claims to be in a majority position at the federal national level. This study is a qualitative research that employed both primary and secondary sources. Eepco is responsible for generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electricity nationwide. Ethiopia population 2020 demographics, maps, graphs. Ethiopia is a country on the brink of an energy revolution, but requires significant assistance to realize its potential, particularly in the areas of geothermal, wind and solar and biomass resources as longterm options for power generation for both local industrialization and as a potential source of fx earnings. The imperial period 1974 ethiopia is the only african state never colonised by a foreign power. Ethiopia s ancient system of feudal government experienced significant changes under haile selassie i reigned 193074, who carefully grafted onto the traditional governing institutions a weak parliament of appointed and elected legislators, a judiciary with modernized civil and criminal codes and a hierarchy of courts, and an executive. A means for managing or a triggering factor for ethnic conflicts in ethiopia. The examination of the link between conflict, constitution making and election in the context of ethiopia is therefore an important and timely issue. Ethiopia is one of the least developed countries in the world.
Actors, power and mobilization under ethnic federalism, e. Ethiopia is also the major contributor more than 86 per cent of the abay nile river, upon which life in egypt and the sudan mainly depends. However, this had brought the national questions as the politicoideological agenda by the. Lovise aalen, the politics of ethnicity in ethiopia. Ethiopia current status ethiopia, is located in the horn of africa on a high plateau with mountains divided by the east african rift valley.
This book provides a detailed empirical study of this system at work in the complex multiethnic environment of southern ethiopia. Dont let ethiopia become the next yugoslavia foreign policy. Since its inception in 1975, some concepts have remained constant for the tplf. East african power industry convention 2007, addis ababa, ethiopia electricity sector regulation ethiopia getahun moges ethiopian electricity agency eea place your company logo here i. The ethnic federalization of the post1991 ethiopia and the subsequent adoption of developmental state paradigm are the two most important pillars for the countrys political and economic. The birth rate in ethiopia is 36 births per 1,000 people. System of division of revenue in ethiopia alefe abeje belay lecturer, bahir dar university, ethiopia abstract in addressing the issue of the allocation of revenue raising powers, the main question is the taxation power distributed between the tiers of government in a federal system. Hfhe runs a diverse, innovative program, tailored to meet the local housing need. Actors, power and mobiliza tion under ethnic federalism, is made up of a laconic preface, eight. Drivers of ethnic conflict in contemporary ethiopia. The regime transformed the hitherto centralised state into the federal democratic republic and also redefined citizenship, politics and identity on ethnic grounds. Initially the derg was popular following the coup against haile selassie who came to power under the slogan of ethiopia first, land to the peasants and democracy and equality to all. Ethiopia has unveiled its sustainable and integrated development planning documents, the 5year growth and transformation plan and the climate resilient green economy strategy that shaped the content of this report.
The causes of ethnic conflict in multiethnic societies. The great diversity of terrain determines wide variations in climate, soils, natural vegetation, and settlement patterns. Even for distinct schools of thoughts, federalism mean different. Your appliances with plug a dont fit socket c, e, f or l. The demographics of ethiopia encompass the demographic features of ethiopia s inhabitants, including ethnicity, languages, population density, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Constitutional protection of ethnic minorities at the regional level it is argued that in order to evaluate the capacity of the ethiopian federal structure to accommodate ethnic diversity and to regulate ethnic conflicts, the research cannot be limited to an analysis of the constitutional mechanisms at the federal level. The main objective of the study is to analyse the ethiopian federation distribution of power in light of the canadian and german federations. Introduction much has been written about ethiopia s twentythree year experiment with ethnic. The politics of ethnicity in ethiopia actors, power and.
Established in 1867, the canada is the oldest federation under consideration. This type of federation is identified above all with the governance of meles zenawi from the 1990s in ethiopia, where it has sometimes been known as zenawism. The idea of ethnicity was tied to the claims that national oppression has existed in ethiopia and that the tigrean ethnic group was discriminated against. Despite different commitment to achieve local autonomy and good governance, the countrys governance suffers from a number of limitations in the last two decades. Ethiopia 2018 human rights report executive summary ethiopia is a federal republic. The study investigated the practice of ethnic federal system along with ethnic rights to selfdetermination and associated conflicts in the context of southern regional state of ethiopia. Oct 23, 2017 enel steps into ethiopian market with solar tender. A means to an end daniel abebe the university of chicago law school draft prepared for conference from parchment to practice. During this period, the derg was responsible for the deaths of tens of thousands of opponents without trial in the qey shibir and the 1983.
Through this work, we have recognized the importance of both teaching and training from the local perspective and the implications of either consciously or unconsciously imposing western values of leadership. Habitat for humanity in ethiopia habitat for humanity ethiopia hfhe has been active since 1993. Ethiopia must abandon ethnic politics or it will explode. For more than a decade, stempower founders have been implementing many successful stem programs science, technology, engineering, and math in ethiopia and nearby countries. Ethiopia is composed of various ethnic groups which identify themselves with specific. The following table provides some of the most relevant energy sector numbers for ethiopia, a developing country. D these days ethnicity is much talked issues in the contemporary world, especially in the third world, so called underdeveloped countries by developed western countries. Electricity sector regulation ethiopia getahun moges. Issues of minority rights in the ethiopian federation. Published on monday, 23 october 2017 a consortium led by enel green power has been selected as the preferred bidder for a 100 mw solar project in metehara.
Can change in power relationship solve ethiopian problem. Peoples region the case of ethiopias southern nations. The papers present the experience from the 1994 census in ethiopia and outlines the plans and current activities for the 2007 census. Ethiopia the rise and reign of haile selassie i 191674. The research by focusing on the case of ethiopia, it will explain the root causes for ascendance to power of a minority ethnic group, the way ethnicity is mobilized for political action and how the elites from such group maintain their power within a context, both national and international, that favors a majority. Developing country management ethnic conflict by participation and justice policy that the equality is the best way for resolve this problem. Territorial autonomy for ethnic groups is an important component of ethiopian federalism designed to deal with the challenges of ethnic diversity. Ethiopia boasts a landscape of extraordinary beauty and varied climatic conditions. In the 2015 general elections, the eprdf and affiliated parties. Ethiopia ethiopia the rise and reign of haile selassie i 191674. The ethiopian peoples revolutionary democratic front eprdf, led by its chairman and prime minister, meles zenawi, has radically reformed ethiopia s political system. Ethiopia is a multiethnic giant with around 100 million people belonging to more than 80 ethnic groups and speaking many languages, giving its transformation greater regional significance. With only a decade and half life span, the ethiopia is the youngest federation.
Concepts and theories 25 of treaties and the coining of money is independent of the government of the associated states, and, on the other hand, state governments which in certain matters are, in their turn, independent of the general government. Preuniversity students learn through our handson labs, engaging them towards advanced stem study and careers. Managing ethiopia s current political crisis requires going beyond democratic reform and instead thinking about the political economy and institutions that shape elite competition along ethnic. Its cultures, diversity and religions form a microcosm of africa. These include ethnicity, vanguard leadership, and a statist economy. Ethnicity and power in ethiopia john young ethiopia is implementing a radical programme of decentralising state power to ethnic based regional units, which could be of interest to other countries in africa faced with demands of ethnic communities for a greater role in the state. Case studies of three revolts make up the bulk of power and protest, but tareke begins with a survey of their historical and social context and a glance at some theory. Then it examines the strengths and weaknesses of the challenging ethnic groupthe amharaby looking at its potential mobilization process. Ethiopian peoples revolutionary democratic front wikipedia. Ethnic federalism and its discontents crisis group. Ethiopia s current population is about 115 million and is expected to surpass 200 million by the end of 2049.
This study of popular protest and resistence focuses on three important peasantb. There is growing concern that ethiopia s prime minister has failed to address rising ethnic tensions and violence. It has one of the lowest rates of access to modern energy services, whereby the energy supply is primarily based on biomass. Ethiopia as a nation, defining it as an obsolete empirestate, a prison house of peoples. Usa, frg, multiethnic switzerland, presentday russia and multinational forms former. Federalism is debatable not only in practice but also at theoretical levels. In the past few years polarized opinions have been reflected on.
Ethiopia will explode if it doesnt move beyond ethnic based politics. From this point of view it describes the main types of modern federal state. Thus, the eprdf that assumed power in may 1991 after its protracted 17 year armed insurgency undertaken the reconstruction of the ethiopian state. However, these pledges were not translated into practice. Ignoring these cultural differences in leadership styles, behaviors, and. The primary energy sector is by far the most important one in ethiopia, with mainly wood used for cooking. Ethiopia is a mosaic of about 100 languages that can be classified into four groups. Sex refers to a persons biological characteristics. The ruling ethiopian peoples revolutionary democratic front eprdf, a coalition of four ethnically based parties, controls the government.
This apparent empowerment of ethnicity represents a complete. In ethiopia the power plugs and sockets are of type c, e, f and l. A balance sheet of post1991 ethnically based federalism the political transition in ethiopia in 1991 came at a time when there were high hopes among africans, civilsociety organizations, the international community and scholars for processes of democratisation. Ethnic federalism in ethiopia offered the prospect of a shift away from the high modernism of that states past projects to develop its people, apparently in. Decentralization of power and local autonomy in ethiopian. The derg became deeply unpopular due to ill sought out policies and mass executions, which sent a.
The institutionalized protection of ethnic minorities in ethiopia could. The idea of ethnicity was tied to the claims that national oppression has existed in ethiopia and that the tigrean ethnic. The ethiopian developmental state and its challenges by. During the ethiopian civil war, the eprdf was a rebel group battling the derg, a military regime led by mengistu haile mariam that was effectively in power from 1974 until it was replaced by the peoples democratic republic of ethiopia in 1987. Since it was considered unseemly for a woman to serve in her own right, ras tafari, the son of ras makonnen and a cousin of menilek, served as zauditus regent and heir apparent. Personal identity as well as cultural identity ethnic identity always materialise in relation to somebody else. Although ethiopia is endowed with abundant renewable.
This spurs a spate of power buildup and counter power buildup between groups, leading to. Approximately 34 % of its over 100 million inhabitants live below poverty line. Gender refers to the different roles that are assigned to males and females. Federalism in a context of extreme ethnic pluralism.
Ethiopias electric power supply system is operated by the ethiopian electric power corporation eepco, which is owned by the ethiopian government. This page lists power stations in ethiopia, both integrated with the national power grid but also isolated ones. Dec 14, 2008 in somalia the fate of the ethiopian backed transitional government hangs on the balance. History and ideology 57 selfadministration through regional autonomy. But incidence of ethnic violence was different in varying country. Assefa fiseha phd, associate professor a thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies, school of law, addis ababa university, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the masters of. Aggressive construction of hydropower plantstargeting export scattered settlement, in some case migrating nomads the need for alternative energy source is solar power it is clean and promotes environmental issues more practical for a country like ethiopia. Though ethiopia officially claims to be a developmental state, the issue remains divisive among its politicians and scholars alike. The role of the power sector in the economic recovery endeavor of. The ethiopian revolution, the derg, civil war and famine. The one prominent exception is ethiopia, which since 1991 has imposed a system of ethnic based federalism that offers each ethnic group the right of selfdetermination. Stem enrichment programs bridge genders and ethnicity, fostering peace and development within and. The main change was that the country was divided into nine ethnicallybased states. Why have the amaras once again become victims of ethnic.
Issues of minority rights in the ethiopian federation by taking the objective, subjective and the combination of both criteria of defining minorities, ethiopia is a land of minorities. The northern ethiopia power project neptp was conceived by the transition government of ethiopia goe in march 1992 in order to supply cheap and reliable hydroelectric power to the northern region project area. It traces its origin to the kingdoms that emerged in the northern highlands in the fourth century. Ethiopias ability to achieve this ambitious goal in such key sectors as agriculture and industry is significantly constrained by current challenges in the power sector. Related terms are multi ethnic federalism and ethnofederalism. Challenges and opportunities abstract the study analyses the role of federalism in solving the national and ethnic conflicts. Managing ethiopias political crisis africa al jazeera. Though i was predisposed toward the ethiopia i had studied since the late 1950s, i appreciated that within its. Thousands flee ethnic conflict in western ethiopia bbc. Phd thesis on the politics of ethnicity in ethiopia observes that the assumption that every citizen is an ethnic citizen makes the ethiopian system very different from other federal systems in the world. Since then it has helped thousands of families by building decent homes with improved water and sanitation facilities.
Pdf federalism and powersharing in ethiopia kaleab. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Energy in ethiopia is energy and electricity production, consumption, transport, exportation, and importation in ethiopia. In developing country incidence were low and in the developing sever. Due to the quickly developing demand for electricity in ethiopia, operational power plants are listed as well as those under construction and also proposed ones likely to be built within a number of years. After epdrf took power, ethiopia is divided into different states based on ethnic identities.
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